About
Type: Ruin
Parish: St.Philip
Founding date: 1693
See on Google Maps!
Current Status
Began as a cattle mill as did many of the estates in the early days before the windmills were built, and raised cattle. There is no longer a mill at this site. Lynch’s was one of the nine estates purchased by the Antigua Distillery in order to produce molasses for the production of Cavalier Rum and is situated near Willoughby Bay.
Estate Related History/Timeline
Stephen Lynch came of an ancient Galway family settled in Montserrat before 1712 and at Antigua before 1707. Caribbeana
1678: “1678, Feb.17, Nicolas Lynch and Alice, his wife in the Barq `Adventure’, for Antigua………the said Lynch being a servant of John Codrington Esq..”
History of the Island of Antigua by Vere Oliver Vol.II.
1693: “Antigua. Order to appraise the goods of John Lynch Ffitz-James, formerly of this island. Dated June 3, 1693, signed John Yeamons. The estate consisted solely of a bay horse with one eye valued at 3000 lbs of sugar”.
Vere Oliver Vol.II p.205.
1724: “Robert Oliver sells to Nicholas Lynch 20 acres in St. Philips for 200 pounds.”
Vere Oliver Vol.II p.833
1735: Anthony Lynch, planter Will 1735 – Stephen Lynch of “Gobles” and “Skerretts Nonsuch” d.1771 – 1776 the estate of Stephen Lynch 693 acres and 253 slaves.
Mary Lynch (1762-1808) and Nicolas Lynch (father) are buried at Lynches. Mary, who inherited Lynch’s married Dr. Samuel Byam Athill, President of the Council of Antigua.
She was also instrumental in leasing the estate to Henry Fremantle, John Bishop, Samuel Turner and Charles Turner, apparently as part of the marriage settlement of (his son) Capt. James Athill (1790-1825) with Miss Selena Bishop. It was inferred that it was at this estate on which he registered 364 enslaved people as proprietor in 1817. Samuel Byam Athill was the father of Maria Turner (nee Athill) and father-in-law of Charles Turner. Legacies of British Slave-ownership.
“1803 June 17. Buried in the private Burial Ground in the Plantation of the Hon.Samuel Byam Athill D. 21 Oct 1811, …called Lynches. Also Miss Eliza Athill 1810 and 1803 her mother Mrs. Mary Athill.” (Mary Lynch Athill – only daughter of Nicholas Lynch inherited the estate Lynches)
Vere Oliver Vol.I
1817: The Slave Register is handwritten in beautiful cursive, a massive volume which contains the list of slaves by owner. They are housed in the National Register of Archives. Below is a copy of the first page and a partial listing of the slaves, sex, colour and age of each one, owner ATHIL, Samual Byam.
Further listings are the various owners for whom he was the Attorney. 11 – Shute Shrimpton Yeaman (dec.), 14 – Lady Colebrook, 21 – Elizabeth Lyons, 29 – Alexander Millar, 35 – Joseph Lyons Walronds, 43 – Anna Maria Blackman, 47 – Samuel Harman,
51 – Charles Manning ……. and more.
Names (32) Sex Colour Reputed Age
Hamoud M Black 65
Quamino M “ 63
Herculese M “ 55
Bruncher M “ 50
Reid M “ 50
Toby M “ 42
Dick M “ 40
Christmas M “ 48
Jacob M “ 38
Duke M “ 38
Robin M “ 37
William M “ 34
Scipio M “ 32
Richmond M “ 32
Little Frank M “ 32
Stephon M “ 31
Gloud M “ 30
Cuffee M “ 28
Robert M “ 28
Paris M “ 28
Quacco M “ 28
Garrick M “ 27
Thomas M “ 27
Cassiar M “ 26
Daniel M “ 24
John M “ 15
George M “ 14
Sam M “ 13
John Quash M “ 8
James M Coloured 5
Charles M Black 5
Robert M “ 2
Women (48)
Molly F Black 88
Dominican Kitty F “ 65
Venus F “ 60
Dorcas F “ 57
Susanna F “ 55
Ebo Kitty F “ 55
Bathia F “ 50
Elcy F “ 50
Daphne F “ 48
Big Fanny F “ 46
Grace F “ 45
Little Fanny F “ 45
Big Harriet F “ 45
Kiddy F “ 44
Kiddy F “ 40
Hetty F “ 38
Peggy F “ 37
Abby F “ 36
Sally F “ 32
Madlane F “ 31
Sophia F “ 31
Betty F “ 30
Miah F “ 28
Congo Fanny F “ 28
Congo Frances F “ 28
Amalia F “ 28
Mimba F “ 28
Jenny F “ 27
Grace F Coloured 25
Eve F Black 24
Ann F “ 24
Sarey F “ 22
Mary F “ 20
Jane F “ 19
Ellen F “ 18
Nelly F “ 17
Rachal F “ 16
Harriet F “ 16
Penny F “ 15
Bella F Coloured 15
Juba F Black 15
Catherine F Coloured 11
Joanna F “ 11
Christianna F Black 10
Beck F “ 8
Matty F Coloured 8
Ann F Black 3
Dinah F “ 3
Mary F Coloured 2
In 1829 this Estate contained 596 acres – 368 slaves. In 1921 580 acres.
1851: The Antigua Almanac shows Lynch’s of 596 acres belonging to Heirs of S.A. Turner.
1944: In 1944 Lynch’s became part of the Antigua Distillery holdings aligned with Montpelier Distilery.
www.tombstones.bb (2005)
Enslaved People’s History
Legacies of British Slave-ownership: Based on contemporary research, we have more than average information about the enslaved peoples at this mill! See below:
“1817 – The Slave Register is handwritten in beautiful cursive, a massive volume which contains the list of slaves by owner. They are housed in the National Register of Archives. Below is a copy of the first page and a partial listing of the slaves, sex, colour and age of each one, owner ATHIL, Samual Byam.
Further listings are the various owners for whom he was the Attorney. 11 – Shute Shrimpton Yeaman (dec.), 14 – Lady Colebrook, 21 – Elizabeth Lyons, 29 – Alexander Millar, 35 – Joseph Lyons Walronds, 43 – Anna Maria Blackman, 47 – Samuel Harman,
51 – Charles Manning ……. and more.
Names (32) Sex Colour Reputed Age
Hamoud M Black 65
Quamino M “ 63
Herculese M “ 55
Bruncher M “ 50
Reid M “ 50
Toby M “ 42
Dick M “ 40
Christmas M “ 48
Jacob M “ 38
Duke M “ 38
Robin M “ 37
William M “ 34
Scipio M “ 32
Richmond M “ 32
Little Frank M “ 32
Stephon M “ 31
Gloud M “ 30
Cuffee M “ 28
Robert M “ 28
Paris M “ 28
Quacco M “ 28
Garrick M “ 27
Thomas M “ 27
Cassiar M “ 26
Daniel M “ 24
John M “ 15
George M “ 14
Sam M “ 13
John Quash M “ 8
James M Coloured 5
Charles M Black 5
Robert M “ 2
Women (48)
Molly F Black 88
Dominican Kitty F “ 65
Venus F “ 60
Dorcas F “ 57
Susanna F “ 55
Ebo Kitty F “ 55
Bathia F “ 50
Elcy F “ 50
Daphne F “ 48
Big Fanny F “ 46
Grace F “ 45
Little Fanny F “ 45
Big Harriet F “ 45
Kiddy F “ 44
Kiddy F “ 40
Hetty F “ 38
Peggy F “ 37
Abby F “ 36
Sally F “ 32
Madlane F “ 31
Sophia F “ 31
Betty F “ 30
Miah F “ 28
Congo Fanny F “ 28
Congo Frances F “ 28
Amalia F “ 28
Mimba F “ 28
Jenny F “ 27
Grace F Coloured 25
Eve F Black 24
Ann F “ 24
Sarey F “ 22
Mary F “ 20
Jane F “ 19
Ellen F “ 18
Nelly F “ 17
Rachal F “ 16
Harriet F “ 16
Penny F “ 15
Bella F Coloured 15
Juba F Black 15
Catherine F Coloured 11
Joanna F “ 11
Christianna F Black 10
Beck F “ 8
Matty F Coloured 8
Ann F Black 3
Dinah F “ 3
Mary F Coloured 2”
Furthermore, we know that Lynch’s was awarded £4,747 5 s 3 d for the freedoms of 331 enslaved people after the abolishment of slavery. This all being said, we will continue our quest for more information about these vital individuals.
Ownership Chronology
Ownership from 1693 Sir John Lynch Ffitz-James
- 1750: Nicholas Lynch Jr.
- 1776: John Lynch
- 1780: Mary Lynch daughter of John Lynch (d.1808)
- 1790: Dr. Samuel Byam Athill (1758-1832) husband of Mary Lynch 1777/78 Luffman map
- 1829: Samuel Byam Athill – 562 acres, 368 slaves
- 1843: Heirs of S.A. Turner – 596 acres 1851 Antigua Almanac
- 1872: Horace Turner – 596 acres 1872 Antigua Horsford Almanac.
- 1878: Charles Turner
- 1896-1921: John Maginley
- 1933: Ernest Dew 1933 Camacho map
- 1944: The Antigua Distillery